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American painter and academic, invented the Morse code Samuel Morse died in 1872.

Morse's invention of the telegraph, patented in 1837, allowed for the transmission of electrical signals over long distances, enabling rapid communication across vast territories. The key component of the telegraph was Morse code, a system of dots & dashes representing letters and numbers. This system allowed messages to be sent &received quickly and efficiently.

Morse at PG:
https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/author/3797

German entomologist, naturalist and scientific illustrator Maria Sibylla Merian was born in 1647.

She was among the first naturalists to observe and document the metamorphosis of insects, particularly butterflies and moths. Merian's most famous works include "Metamorphosis Insectorum Surinamensium" (Metamorphosis of the Insects of Suriname) and "The Caterpillars' Marvelous Transformation and Strange Floral Food."

in 1926.

Hugo Gernsback launches his pioneering science fiction magazine Amazing Stories in the United States. It was the first magazine devoted solely to science fiction. Science fiction stories had made regular appearances in other magazines, including some published by Gernsback, but Amazing helped define and launch a new genre of pulp fiction.

French poet Paul Verlaine died in 1844.

Verlaine's poetry collection "Fêtes galantes" (1869) is considered one of his most significant works, showcasing his mastery of musicality and imagery. Verlaine described his typically decadent style in great detail in his poem "Art Poétique," describing the primacy of musicality and the importance of elusiveness and "the Odd."

Books by Paul Verlaine at PG:
https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/author/1531

(or March 31) in 1862.

The first two volumes of Victor Hugo's epic historical novel Les Misérables appear in Brussels, followed on April 3 by Paris publication, with the remaining volumes on May 15. Hugo forbade his publishers from summarizing his story and refused to authorize the publication of excerpts in advance of publication. The remaining volumes appeared on 15 May 1862.

Les Misérables at PG:
https://gutenberg.org/ebooks/search/?query=Les+mis%C3%A9rables&submit_search=Search

English writer Virginia Woolf died in 1941.

She is best known for her novels, which include "Mrs. Dalloway" (1925), "To the Lighthouse" (1927), "Orlando" (1928), and "The Waves" (1931). She was also an accomplished essayist, producing notable works such as "A Room of One's Own" (1929), in which she explored the social and economic challenges facing women writers, and "Three Guineas" (1938), which delved into issues of war, fascism, and women's rights.

in 1920.

This Side of Paradise by F. Scott Fitzgerald sets him up as a writer and celebrity. An initial 3,000 copies sell out in three days. The book's reputation dims in later years, but Dorothy Parker will recall that it was seen as innovative when it first appeared. With his debut novel, Fitzgerald became the first writer to turn the national spotlight upon the so-called Jazz Age generation.

This Side of Paradise at PG:
https://gutenberg.org/ebooks/805

Realist Novelist, Poet, Playwright Camille Lemonnier was born in 1844.

One of Lemonnier's most famous novels is "Un Mâle", which portrays the struggles of a young artist in the face of societal and familial pressures. In addition to his novels, he was also known for his essays and literary criticism. He wrote extensively on Belgian literature and culture, contributing to the intellectual discourse of his time.

Books by Camille Lemonnier at PG:
https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/author/6011

13 Mar 1945 sisters Vera and Libera Arduino were executed along with their father and others by Italian fascists for their part in anti-fascist women's resistance group GDD. More about the resistance in our podcast: https://t.co/4tpsFA8b7K https://workingclasshistory.com/podcast/e77-80-italian-resistance/?utm_source=dlvr.it&utm_medium=mastodon