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in 79 A.D. Eruption of Mount Vesivius.

For more than five centuries, until approximately 2018, articles about the eruption of Vesuvius typically stated that the eruption began on August 24, 79 AD. This date came from a 1508 printed copy of a letter addressed by Pliny the Younger to the Roman historian Tacitus, originally written some 25 years after the event. Pliny was a witness to the eruption and provided the only known eyewitness account.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eruption_of_Mount_Vesuvius_in_79_AD

The restored version of John Martin's Destruction of Pompeii and Herculaneum. In the restored version, the colors are rich and vibrant, bringing to life the chaos and terror of the event. The sky is ablaze with fiery reds, oranges, and yellows, depicting the volcanic eruption in full force. Thick, dark clouds of ash and smoke swirl ominously, dominating the upper portion of the canvas. Below, the cities of Pompeii and Herculaneum are depicted in the throes of destruction, with buildings crumbling, flames raging, and terrified figures fleeing in all directions. The foreground is filled with desperate figures, their faces contorted in fear and anguish, as they attempt to escape the deadly onslaught. The chaotic scene is contrasted with the grand scale of the landscape, emphasizing the smallness of humanity in the face of nature's wrath.

16 Aug 1921 The Times of London newspaper exposed 'The Protocol of the Elders of Zion' as an antisemitic fraud. Antisemitic businessman, Henry Ford (pictured receiving an award from Nazi officials), continued to publish it a further 91 times https://stories.workingclasshistory.com/article/8760/%22the-protocol-of-the-elders-of-zion%22-exposed-as-a-fraud?utm_source=dlvr.it&utm_medium=mastodon

American writer Herman Melville was born in 1819.

Melville's first two books, "Typee" (1846) and "Omoo" (1847), were based on his adventures in the South Seas and were quite popular. These semi-autobiographical novels painted a romanticized view of life among the Pacific Islanders. Published in 1851, "Moby-Dick" is considered Melville's masterpiece. Initially, the book was not well-received, and its complex structure and themes puzzled readers and critics alike.


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Herman Melville, American author. Reproduction of photograph, frontispiece to Journal Up the Straits. The reproduction of the photograph of Herman Melville, featured as the frontispiece to "Journal Up the Straits," presents a distinguished and contemplative image of the American author. Melville is depicted in a formal pose, wearing a dark suit jacket and a vest over a white shirt, with a neatly tied cravat. His beard, full and well-groomed, frames a face that conveys both gravitas and introspection. In this portrait, Melville's hair is neatly combed, and his expression is one of serious thoughtfulness, reflecting the depth and complexity of his literary works.

in 1954.

The Fellowship of the Ring, the first part of J. R. R. Tolkien's novel The Lord of the Rings, was published by Allen & Unwin.

A dispute with his publisher, George Allen & Unwin, led Tolkien to offer the work to William Collins in 1950. Tolkien intended The Silmarillion (itself largely unrevised at this point) to be published along with The Lord of the Rings, but Allen & Unwin were unwilling to do this.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings

Photograph of J. R. R. Tolkien in the 1920s on leaving Leeds University. Created: Between 1925 and early 1926. On public display shortly after creation. First known print publication 8 October 1937 in The Catholic Herald. Tolkien is likely standing or seated, with a composed and reflective expression, characteristic of a scholarly and contemplative individual. Dressed in typical academic fashion of the 1920s, Tolkien is probably wearing a formal suit, complete with a tie and possibly a vest.

20 Jul 2001 Carlo Giuliani, a 23-year-old Italian history student and activist, was shot in the face and run over by police during protests against the G8 summit. The European Court of Human Rights absolved Italy of Giuliani's death in 2009 https://stories.workingclasshistory.com/article/9282/carlo-giuliani-killed-by-police?utm_source=dlvr.it&utm_medium=mastodon

commented on Mühsam by Jan Bachmann

Jan Bachmann: Mühsam (GraphicNovel, German language, 2018, Edition Moderne) No rating

Der junge Lübecker Poet und Anarchist Erich Mühsam (1878–1934) wird im Sommer 1910 von seinen …

📻 Erich Mühsam – unbeugsamer Dichter und Anarchist 🏴

WDR Zeitzeichen. 10.07.2024. 14:46 Min.. Verfügbar bis 11.07.2099. WDR 5.

Der anarchistische Schriftsteller Erich Mühsam stand zeitlebens ein für das Ideal einer freien Gesellschaft. Am 10.7.1934 wurde er im KZ Oranienburg von der SS ermordet.

Erich Mühsam ist Dichter, Bohemian und Anarchist. Er ist führend beteiligt an der ersten Münchner Räterepublik und ein steter Warner vor dem heraufziehenden Faschismus. In der Nacht des Reichstagsbrandes wird Mühsam verhaftet, in Gefängnissen und Konzentrationslagern gequält, bis er am 10. Juli 1934 im KZ Oranienburg ermordet wird.

www1.wdr.de/mediathek/audio/zeitzeichen/audio-erich-muehsam---unbeugsamer-dichter-und-anarchist-100.html

#ErichMühsam #OTD #WDRZeitzeichen #Zeitzeichen

"Around us fear, descending
Darkness of fear above."

in 1927

James Joyce's collection Pomes Penyeach is published by Shakespeare and Company in Paris.

Although paid scant attention on its initial publication, this slender volume has proven surprisingly durable, and a number of its poems (particularly "Tilly", "A flower given to my daughter", "On the beach at Fontana", & "Bahnhofstrasse") continue to appear in anthologies to this day.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pomes_Penyeach

Cover of first edition (Powells.com)

Happy birthday to the American astronomer Henrietta Swan Leavitt who was born in 1868.

She became a member of the ‘Harvard Computers’, a group of women hired by Harvard Observatory director Edward C. Pickering to process astronomical data. Leavitt is best known for her discovery of the relationship between period and luminosity in Cepheid variables, pulsating stars that vary regularly in brightness in periods ranging from a few days to several months. via soc.hist.astron.

Henrietta Swan Leavitt, age 30 (July 4, 1868 – December 12, 1921) Unknown author https://lccn.loc.gov/05025712 Popular Astronomy, v. 30, no. 4, April 1922. The picture shows the American astronomer Henrietta Leavitt, with a youthful face, curly hair tied back at the nape of her neck, wearing a long-sleeved dress with a lace sill covering her neck. In the center of this adornment there is apparently a brooch.

"The most violent element in society is ignorance..."
Anarchism and Other Essays

Lithuanian-born anarchist revolutionary, political activist, and writer Emma Goldman was born in 1869.

In 1906, she founded the anarchist journal "Mother Earth," which became a key platform for anarchist ideas and social critique. In 1919, due to her anti-war stance and anarchist activities, Goldman was deported to Russia during the Red Scare.

Emma Goldman at PG:
https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/author/840

Goldman's Mother Earth magazine became a home to radical activists and literary free thinkers around the US.
Photographic portrait of Emma Goldman, facing left. Cropped and restored from original Library of Congress version.